The new negotiation draft in detail
hace 10 year
The President of COP21, Laurent Fabius, is determined to work hard to reach a climate agreement that will reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) and tackle global warming. This was demonstrated today when he made public the progress of the negotiating document - as announced last Saturday - which, despite having been reduced from 48 to 29 pages, still lacks clarity on the issues of financing, pre- and post-2020 ambition, differentiation, and transparency.
This document is a proposal of the Paris Committee, as a result of the work it has developed over the last 2 days. It has not yet been approved by the country representatives, who (at the time of going to press) were reviewing the document.
In this new text, brackets have been reduced by 79%, i.e., the points that are still unclear, and the number of words by 57%, compared to the text presented at the beginning of COP21, as can be seen in the following graphic at www.parisagreement.org.
For more details on the issues presented in this draft, ConexiónCOP brings together analyses from different positions.
On limits to temperature increase. The new text includes three options that will guide countries“ efforts to limit temperature increase. The options in the text are (1) ”below 2°C“, (2) ”well below 2°C“ and (3) ”below 1.5°C".
Tasneem Essop, head of WWF's delegation to the climate negotiations in Paris, said: “The hardest decisions have not yet been made. Ministers now have just two days to put us on track for either a future of no more than 1.5°C or a world with 3°C.”.
Losses and damages. According to Tania Guillén, observer from Nicaragua, explains that there were no major changes in this text, and that the draft presented is a good basis but that negotiations are still ongoing. In this regard, she comments that “in the footnote it says that it is the same text as the Saturday version, because the discussions continue. We are given to understand that the formal discussions that have taken place in the last few days have not reached any agreement or “bridge” proposal”, he explained.
According to the text, this topic presents two alternatives for inclusion in the agreement: either (1) it would be included as part of the adaptation topic, or (2) it would be separated as an independent topic.
An important element that remains in the proposal refers to displacement due to climate change, which should be made clear in the presentation of the future agreement.
Transparency. The text of this topic has not made much progress with respect to the previous text, as the options presented remain the same. “Transparency” refers to the rules that determine which countries must report their emissions and how this reporting is controlled. Currently, developed countries must report once a year, while developing countries have not been required to do so on an annual basis.
Entry into force of the Agreement. According to Carbon Brief, the options for entry into force of the Accord have been considerably reduced, making future implementation easier. In this new draft text, the requirement that a certain proportion of global emissions must be covered before the Agreement enters into force has been removed.
The current text also states that the Agreement will enter into force thirty days after the date on which at least 50 or 60 countries have ratified the Convention.
Long-term goals: The text on the long-term goal of the Paris agreement has not changed dramatically since Saturday, although again the possibility of “zero emissions” appears. The long-term goal is a way that the Paris agreement can still credibly aim to maintain the 1.5 or 2C temperature.
Oscar Soria of Avaaz says: “This text has removed some of the main barriers to agreement, and now the whole world is waiting to know if Paris will truly say goodbye to fossil fuels by 2050. That is what millions of people around the world are hoping for, and what will free Paris from becoming the next Copenhagen.”.
Human rights. The human rights and gender focus is still retained in the text, but this does not mean that it is an agreed decision, since paragraph 10 emphasizing it remains in brackets. This part of the document, which protects indigenous communities, migrants, and other vulnerable people, is not yet a formal part of the future agreement.
“Human rights and gender equality, which would enable a fair and ambitious climate agreement, have not yet been agreed in the document. Governments must demonstrate political will. We will continue to fight to secure the place of these elements in the agreement,“ said Sven Harmeling of Care.
Unresolved issues. Unresolved issues in this new version of the text include Differentiation, Financing and Ambition. These issues remain with a considerable number of brackets. In addition, the term “urgent action” has been removed from this new version.
Source: ConexiónCOP
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