COP20: Negotiations of Latin American countries on December 2
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The second day of negotiations at COP20 passed with the serenity of the first week of the conference. These meetings dealt with adaptation and finance, and focused mainly on the Durban Platform.
Here is a summary of the contributions of Latin American countries at the meetings, extracted from the Earth Negotiations Bulletin published daily by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
It is a simple document, translated into several languages, which summarizes the positions of the member countries of the Conference of the Parties, as well as those of other institutions participating in the event.
DURBAN PLATFORM PLENARY (DAP)
ADP Co-Chair Kishan Kumarsingh (Trinidad and Tobago) welcomed delegates and said that COP20 is expected to provide a solid basis for a new global climate agreement, noting that "this will show the world that there will be a successful outcome in Paris."
Parties agreed that they would continue to work within the framework of the ADP 2 agenda (ADP/2013/AGENDA) and the proposed organization of work, including focused negotiations on different elements in parallel meetings, each coordinated by one of the co-chairs, and in negotiations on the draft decision text on moving forward on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action.
On Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), COSTA RICA, for AILAC, requested an ADP decision that includes, inter alia, a definition on ex-ante information for the preparation and communication of INDCs by all Parties. The EU highlighted the need for a decision addressing INDCs, and in particular the information to be included, and for the pre-COP21 process to consider and analyze it.
Climate Action Network, for ENGOs, called for a long-term global goal on phasing out all fossil fuel-related emissions by 2050. Climate Justice Now, for ENGOs, called for binding commitments that reflect the need for the poorest and most vulnerable to adapt.
FARMERS stressed ensuring that agriculture is supported by a strong scientific basis in the future agreement. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES urged parties to operationalize the elements of the Cancun Agreement that recognize the need for respect for indigenous peoples' human rights and participation.
ALGERIA, CHINA, SAUDI ARABIA, for the LDCs, SUDAN, for the AFRICAN GROUP, IRAN, NICARAGUA, JORDAN, GABON and VENEZUELA called for direct negotiations with parties' texts on screen. PAKISTAN called for transparency and clarity.
VENEZUELA suggested addressing the "elephant in the room", i.e., that one group of Parties seeks an outcome based on mitigation and another believes it should be based on the elements of the Bali Action Plan (BAP).
ON FINANCING
ADP co-chair Runge-Metzger described sections of the funding text included in ADP.2014.11.NonPaper, suggesting that they focus on the general aspects first.
SUDAN, for the AFRICAN GROUP, with ECUADOR, for the LDCs, and BOLIVIA, for the G-77/CHINA, opposed text suggesting that "all" parties mobilize climate finance through diverse actions. The AFRICAN GROUP recalled the differentiation between developed and developing countries under the Convention, and the responsibility of developed countries to provide finance.
LDCs requested deletion of references to provision of finance because "EU parties are in a position to do so" and to results-based adaptation finance. MEXICO clarified that "results-based" is not a precondition for access to finance, and emphasized finance for both mitigation and adaptation.
SWITZERLAND suggested including in the 2015 agreement reference to "each party" rather than "all" parties in relation to mobilizing climate finance; language on the purpose of financial resources; and applicable principles, such as being "results-based," recognizing developing countries' investment and reflecting evolving capabilities and responsibilities. He also opposed basing the mobilization and provision of financial resources by Parties on an ex ante process of quantified support commitment commensurate with the effort reflected in adaptation and mitigation objectives.
The US called for including text that: encourages parties to create effective enabling environments; calls for removing public incentives for carbon-intensive investments; and recognizes that climate finance flows in all directions. He also suggested deleting reference to mobilizing climate finance "as a means to stay below the long-term temperature limit," and, opposed by the AFRICAN GROUP, to "adequate and predictable" adaptation finance. Discussions will continue.
ON ADAPTATION
In a session on adaptation yesterday afternoon, ADP Co-Chair Kumarsingh asked parties to express their views on the updated non-paper on elements of a draft negotiating text (ADP.2014.11.NonPaper). The US, the REPUBLIC OF KOREA, NORWAY, CANADA, SWITZERLAND, the EU, ZAMBIA, JAPAN and others commented on, inter alia: long-term and global aspects of adaptation; commitments and contributions; monitoring and evaluation; information sharing, knowledge and lessons learned; and institutional arrangements.
MEXICO said the linkages between adaptation and mitigation, renewed and enhanced collective commitments, national commitments, and finance for adaptation should be reflected in the "protocol. He also noted that monitoring and evaluation and, with NORWAY, institutional arrangements, should be addressed in COP decisions. Emphasizing that adaptation cannot be measured or quantified, CANADA did not support linkages between the long-term temperature limit, the need for support and adaptation.
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